Every sentence has to come to an end eventually, and when you’re writing, the way you indicate the end of a sentence is with end punctuation. Each punctuation mark carries its own meaning and tells the reader how to interpret the sentence they’ve just finished reading.
WRITERS AT WORK students will learn about the different types of punctuation used to end a sentence and how to convey their intended meaning whether it’s PSLE or O Level English. WRITERS AT WORK seeks to make students better learners through organisation skills, reflection, and understanding of how we process information. Join us at our tuition centres to be a part of the best English enrichment courses for primary and secondary school students in Singapore.
What is End-Of-Sentence Punctuation?
End-of-sentence punctuation serves as a signal to mark the end of a sentence or phrase, helping writers indicate transitions between sentences. These small markers act as guideposts within text, ensuring clarity and cohesion between words and sentences. The three primary types of end punctuation include periods, question marks, and exclamation points.
Periods
Periods are typically used in declarative and imperative sentences to convey a straightforward tone. Declarative sentences make statements and always conclude with periods, while imperative sentences express commands or requests and can end with either periods or exclamation points based on the desired emphasis.
Sample Question:
Tim was thoughtful. He bought a cake for his grandmother’s birthday.
It was thoughtful of Tim, to have bought a cake for his grandmothers’ birthday.
Source: 2023 P6 English Prelim Maris Stella
Question Marks
Question marks signal the end of interrogative sentences, also referred to as direct questions. They show that the writer or speaker is inquiring, seeking specific information, making a request, or posing a rhetorical question. For example: Would you prefer dining here or going to a restaurant?
Sample Question:
The twins know how to cycle. Joe knows how to cycte.
Do the twins know how to cycle as well as Joe?
Source: 2023 P6 English Prelim Maris Stella
Exclamation Points
Exclamation points emphasise exclamatory phrases and sentences, including expressions of surprise, strong imperative statements, and declarations with heightened emotion. They convey urgency and intensity in writing, creating a conversational tone.
Exclamation Points for Exclamations
Exclamations are sudden outbursts of surprise or strong reactions. When interjections stand alone, they are followed by an exclamation point: Oh no! Hey! Indeed! Exclamatory sentences starting with ‘what’ or ‘how’ often omit the subject and verb: What a day I’ve had! How kind of them to return the wallet!
Sample Question:
Everyone was having a good time. The exception was Daniel.
With the exception of Daniel, everyone was having a good time!
Source: 2023 P6 English Prelim Maris Stella
Imperative sentences delivered with urgency end with an exclamation point: Give me the keys now! Look out for that car! Get out of the way!
Emphatic statements ending in an exclamation point convey force or excitement: The storm is coming very soon! We’ve just received new and troubling information! I can’t wait to see you next weekend!
Interjections can also begin statements that end with an exclamation point: Wow, they really didn’t see that coming! Gosh, that was an amazing football game! Yikes! It’s much later than I thought.
End Punctuation: Less Common Forms
Ellipses
In informal writing, ellipses are occasionally used at the end of a sentence to convey a sense of trailing off or to impart a hesitant, melancholic, or low-energy tone. For example, “When asked about my last job, I found myself unsure of what to say…”
Interrobang
An interrobang is a punctuation mark that combines a question mark with an exclamation point. It is used to express surprise and doubt in questions that require an element of excitement or disbelief. While not commonly utilised, it serves as a more refined form of punctuation for conveying such tones.
Various attempts have been made throughout history to introduce new forms of end punctuation into the English language to denote verbal irony.
Tone and end punctuation
The tone of a sentence is influenced by its end punctuation. Periods at the end of declarative sentences create a calm and matter-of-fact tone. When an imperative sentence ends with a period, it conveys a polite or calm request.
Question marks at the end of interrogative sentences give them an inquiring or requesting tone. Exclamation points signal excitement or heightened emotion in exclamatory sentences. Imperative sentences ending with exclamation points have a more urgent or excited tone.
To illustrate how punctuation affects tone, consider these three similar sentences with different end punctuation:
‘I need you to take a look at this.’
‘Look at this!’
‘Would you mind taking a look at this?’
Notice the varying tones conveyed by each form of punctuation.
Formatting End-Of-Sentence Punctuation
When it comes to formatting end-of-sentence punctuation, a few key points should be remembered. Firstly, always ensure there is only one space following the punctuation mark at the end of a sentence, not two. Additionally, if a sentence concludes with an abbreviation that ends in a period, there is no need to add another period to signal the end of the sentence.
The decision of whether to bold or italicise the end punctuation mark depends on the publication’s style guide. Different guides offer varying recommendations on this matter. If you are writing for a specific outlet that follows a style guide, make sure to adhere to its guidelines. In cases where no specific guide is provided, choose a formatting style.
WRITERS AT WORK seeks to make students better learners through organisation skills, reflection, and understanding of how we process information. Are the PSLE or O Level English exams on the horizon? Let us take care of your child’s English results! Join us at our tuition centres to be a part of the best English enrichment courses for primary and secondary school students in Singapore.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):
1. Is Creative Writing Good for Kids?
In primary school, creative writing starts from using pictures to develop a coherent storyline. Students will learn how to use key phrases to build tension and develop a satisfying conclusion. The plots of the stories crafted at the primary school level are usually simple and have a central conflict which is usually resolved at the end of the story. Students will need to use good grammar and appropriate vocabulary to describe the things they see in the pictures when writing.
2. What are Good Creative Writing Topics?
A good start is to write about what you know. Students can start by writing about things that are familiar to them, such as school or family. Then, students can move on to more complex topics, requiring them to use their imagination about events which would be unlikely to happen in real life, such as a fairytale or an adventure story. Older students can write descriptive essays about being in a situation or about more abstract concepts, such as regret.
3. How to Begin a Story?
A good story should have just the right amount of exposition to illuminate the setting and the characters for the reader without giving away the entire plot. The story should begin where it is relevant, and the general gist of the situation should be outlined. The writer should know how to move the plot along from where they start easily, and the story should flow logically.
4. What are the Basic Steps in Creative Writing?
A good first step would be to plan out the story – it is important that the story follows a Plot Curve which has a logical sequence of events and a clear conclusion. The main and supporting characters should be clear – there should not be a whole village of characters – just enough to further the plot. Moreover, the central conflict of the story should be clear.
